Functions of CPU

CPU ,d; gpujhd njhopw;ghLfs;

•eilngwNtz;ba njhlu;r;rpahd njhopw;ghLfis> epidtfj;jpy; Nrkpf;fg; gl;Ls;s mwpTWj;jy;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
•cs;sPl;Lj; njhFjpapdhy; mDg;gg;gLk; juTfisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; mjDila gpujhd epidtfj;jpy; (Main Memory ,y;) Nrkpf;fpd;wJ.
•fzpdpapd; rfy gFjpfSf;Fkhd fl;lisfis toq;Ffpd;wJ.
•juTfs; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;LtUk; tpisTfis ntspaPl;Lj; njhFjpapw;F mDg;Gfpd;wJ.

fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;njhFjp (CONTROL UNIT)

,J fzpdpapy; kpf Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk;. ,J fzpdpapd; Vida ghfq; fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; xUq;fpizj;jy; Nghd;w nrw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs; fpd;wJ.

fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; njhFjpapdhy; epiwNtw;wg;gLk; nraw;ghLfs

•cs;sPl;L rhjdq;fspypUe;JtUk; juTfisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. gpd;du; mtw;wpid epidtfj;jpy; Nrkpj;J Njit ahdNghJ vLg;gjw;fhd fl;lisiag; gpwg;gpf;fpwJ.
•nfhLf;fg;gLk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspd; mwpTWj;jy;fSf;fhd fl;lis fisf; fzpdpapd; Vida gFjpfSf;F mDg;Gfpd;wJ.
•fzpj kw;Wk; ju;f;fuPjpahd nraw;ghLfSf;Fupa fl;lisfis toq;F fpd;wJ.
•kw;iwa vy;yhg; gFjpfSf;Fupa fl;lisfis mDg;Gtjd;%yk; mtw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp> xUq;fpizf;fpd;wJ.

fzpj kw;Wk; ju;f;fuPjpahd njhFjp
(ARITHMATIC AND LOGIC UNIT)

,J gpujhdkhf ,uz;L njhopw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.

1.fzpjr; nraw;ghLfisr; nra;tJld; mjd; ngWNgWfis epidtfj;jpw;F mDg;Gfpd;wJ

2. ju;f;fuPjpahd njhopw;ghLfisr; nra;fpd;wJ..

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT – CPU

ikar;nraw;ghl;Lj; njhFjp

fzpdpapd; %is my;yJ ,jak; vd ,J miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
CPU MdJ fzpj> kw;Wk; ju;f;fuPjpahd jPu;Tfis vLg;gJld;> fzpdpapd; rfy
ghfq;fisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,J Processor vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
ekJ ghtidapy; cs;s rpy Processors :

1. AMD
2. Cyrix
3. Intel

SECONDARY MEMORY OR AUXILIARY MEMORY

Jiz epidtfk;

,q;F gjpag;gLgit mopahky; epue;jukhf ,Ug;gjdhy; ,J Non Volatile Memory vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ CPU MdJ ,aq;fhky; off epiyf;F te;jhYk; ,jpy; gjpag;gl;Ls;sit mope;JNghfhJ. ,J Main Memory I tpl Ntfk; Fiwe;jJ. ,J 3 tifg;gLk;.
mitahtd :
1. Magnetic
2. Optical
3. Floptical

ROM

,e;epidtfj;jpy; gjpe;Js;stw;iw thrpf;fkl;LNk KbAk;. ,jpYs;stw;iw mopf;fNth my;yJ khw;wk; nra;aNth KbahJ.
ROM ,d; tiffs;
1. PROM (Programable ROM)
2. EPROM (Erasable Programable ROM)
3. EAPROM (Electrically Alternate Programable ROM)

RAM

thrpg;gjw;Fk; gjptjw;Fkhd epidtfkhFk;. ,q;F fzpdpahdJ off MFk;NghJ ,e;j epidtfj;jpy; gjpe;J itj;jpUe;jit ahTk; mope;JtpLk;.

PRIMARY MEMORY OR MAIN MEMORY

gpujhd epidtfk;
jw;fhyj;jpy; chips ,dhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l gpujhd epidtfk;, semiconductor memory Mfpatw;wpy; memory chips IC tbtq;fspNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kpfr;rpwpa gFjpapDs; gyE}W ,yj;jpudpay; gFjpjpfisf;nfhz;l Rw;Wf;fs; IC vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

1. RAM (Random Access Memory – epiyah epidtfk;)
2. ROM (Read Only Memory – mopah epidtfk;)

COMPUTER MEMORY

fzpdpapd; epidtfk;

juTfs;> jfty;fs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gjpe;Jitf;fg; gad;gLk; fzpdpapd; gFjp epidtfk; (memory) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fzpdpfs; ,yj;jpudpay; Kiwapy; juTfisr; Nrkpf;fpd;wd. ,r;nraw;ghLfs; kpd;Jbg;Gf;fis czUk; Rw;Wf;fs;%yk; eilngWfpd;wd.

(OUTPUT DEVICES)

ntspaPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs;

fzpdpapdhy; Process nra;ag;gl;;l ngWNgWfisg; ghtidahsUf;F toq;fg; gad;gLk; rhjdq;fs; ahTk; ntspaPl;Lg; gFjp my;yJ ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
rpy ntspaPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; :
1. Printer
2. Monitor
3. Magnetic Disk
4. Optical Disk
5. Speaker
6. Plotter
7. Modem

INPUT DEVICES

cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;(INPUT DEVICES)

juTfisAk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; fzpdpapDs; mDg;gg; gad;gLk; rhjdq;fs; ahTk; cs;sPl;Lg; gFjp my;yJ cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; vd miof;fg; gLfpd;wd.

rpy cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; :
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Scanner
4. Light Pen
5. Magnetic Disk
6. Magnetic Tape
10. Modem
11. Digital Camera

Logical Structure of Computer

(BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER)

(ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE COMPUTER)

ed;ikfs; (Advantages)
1.kpf tpiuthdJ
gy kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd fzf;Ffis xU nrf;fdpy; jPu;f;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;lJ. ,jdJ ,t;Ntfk; Nfl;]; (Hertz – Hz) vDk; myfpy; msf;fg;gLfpwJ. mj;NjhL ,t;Ntfk; fzpdpf;Ff; fzpdp khWgLfpd;wJ.
2. kpfTk; jpUj;jkhdJ
,yj;jpudpay; Rw;Wf;fs; nghwpapay; gFjpfisg;Nghd;W ,yFtpy; gOjiltjpy;iy. mj;NjhL> ,it kpfTk; jpUj;jkhditahfTk; ek;gfkhditahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
3. epidtfk; (Memory)
,jpy; mjpfstpyhd juTfisr; Nrkpj;Jitg;gJld; cupa Neuj;jpy; mtw;iw kpftpiuthfTk; vLf;ff;$bajhfTs;sJ.

jPikfs; (Disadvantages)
1.mwpTWj;jy;fs; ,y;yhky; fzpdp vjidAk; nra;ahJ.
2. kdpjdpd; Kf;fpakhd jpwd;fshd Rakhfr; rpe;jpf;Fk; Mw;wy;> fhuzq;fisf; fz;lwpjy;> Rakhf cUthf;fy;; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fzpdp nfhz;bUf;fkhl;lhJ.
3. fzpdpahdJ epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;gbNa nraw;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; gpioahf ,Ug;gpd; vg;NghJk; gpioahd ngWNgWfisNa fzpdp jUk;.
4. jtwhd juTfisf; nfhLj;jhy; jtwhd ngWNgWfNs fpilf;Fk;.

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

fzpdpapy; epfo;r;rpg;gl;bay;fs; cUthf;Ftjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Software, Programming Language vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; gpujhdkhf %d;W gpupTfs; cs;sd.
mitahtd:

01. Machine Language :Binary language
02. Low Level Language :Assembly Language
03. High Level Language:
1)Basic 6) Prolog
2) Pascal 7) Ada
3) COBOL 8) Delphi
4) FORTRAN 9) Java
5) C++ 10) SQL

PACKAGE

fzpdpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiyapid nra;tjw;nfd jahhpf;fg;gl;l epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; Packages vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

cjhuzk;

• Paintbrush
• Wordpad
• Notepad
• Excel
• Access
• Word

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

fzpdpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiyfisr; nra;Ak; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; Application Software vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it System Software ,id mbg;gilahf itj;Jf;nfhz;L nraw;gLfpd;wd. Application Software MdJ gpujhdkhf ,uz;L gpupTfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
mitahtd :
01. Package
02. Programming language

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

fzpdpapd; Hardware gFjpapidg; gaDs;sjhf;Ffpd;w rfy epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSk; System Software vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
cjhuzk; :
Operating System
DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows 2000
Unix

FIRMWARE

cw;gj;jpahsh;fshy; cw;gj;jpapd;NghJ fzpdpapd; Hardware ,y; epue;jukhfg; gjpag;gLk; xU njhFjp mwpTWj;jy;fs; Firmware vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid mbg;gilahf itj;Nj fzpdpapd; Vida Software fs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd.

cjhuzk; :
01. Memory Testing
02. fzpdpia on nra;jTld; eilngWk; Muk;gr;nraw;ghLfs;.

SOFTWARE

fzpdpapdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w mwpTWj;jy;fspd; gl;bay; software vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. software gpujhdkhf %d;W gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

01. Firm ware
02. System software
03. Application software

The Main Parts of Computer

Introduction

fzdp

cs;thq;Fjy; (receiving), Nrkpj;jy; (storing), khw;wpaikj;jy; (manupulating) Nghd;w jpwikfisf;nfhz;l xU ,yj;jpudpay; rhjdk; fzpdp vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. nfhLf;fg;gLk; juTfis (data) khw;wpaikj;jNy Processing vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd;NghJ RUf;Fjy;, Nrkpj;jy;, toq;fg;gLk; juTfis kPsg;ngwy; Nghd;wtw;Wld; $l;ly;, fopj;jy;, gpupj;jy;, ngUf;fy; Nghd;w fzpj;jy; NtiyfSk; eilngWfpd;wd.
fzpdp gytifahd juTfis cs;nsLj;J nrad;Kiwg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

fzpdp juTfis cs;nsLg;gjw;Fr; rpy topfs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpy; nghJthdJ keyboard KiwahFk;. mjhtJ> keyboard ,idg; gad;gLj;jpj; juTfis cs;sDg;Gjy; MFk;. ,e;j keyboard MdJ cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdk; (Input Device) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. juTfs; fzpdpapDs; nrd;wJk; mtw;iwr; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F fzpdp jahuhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> mtw;iw vt;thW> vg;gb> vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gnjy;yhk; fzpdpf;F Kd;dNu nrhy;yg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,it mwpTWj;jy;fs; (instructions) my;yJ fzpdp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; (programs) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.